1. Introduction and Themes
   Introduction
   Forces Facing State and Local Governments
   Demographic Change
   Urbanization
   Globalization and Economic Change
   Technological Change
   Value Change
   Environmental Change and Concern
   Sustainable and Resilient States and Communities
   Summary and Book Outline
   

2. Federalism
   Introduction
   Units of Government
   Historic Roots of Federalism
   Advantages of Federalism
   Potential Challenges Facing Federalism Models of Federalism
   Dual Federalism
   Cooperative Federalism
   Pragmatic Federalism
   Non-Centralized Federalism
   21st-Century Network Approaches to Federalism
   Conditions for Sustainable Federalism
   Conclusion
   

3. The New Margins: Sustainability
   Introduction
   Basic Model of Public Policy Innovation
   Infrastructure Renewal
   Water and Waste Systems
   Government Buildings
   Urban Redevelopment
   Resource Management and Development: Energy and the Environment
   Energy Policy
   Core Dimensions of Sustainability
   Environmental Protection Livability
   Eldercare
   Social Capital and Civic Life
   Conclusion

4. Key Actors and the Policy Process in State and Local Governments
   Introduction
   Political Participation in Postindustrial America
   Interest Groups
   Social Movements
   Citizens
   Initiatives and Referenda
   Media
   Corporations and Economic Interests
   Political Parties and Elections
   Governmental Structures and the Policy Process
   A Review of Policy Models
   Conclusion
   

5. State Constitutions Introduction
   Purpose of State Constitutions
   Content of State Constitutions: Diversity and Similarities
   Changing Constitutions
   Legislative Proposal
   Constitutional Initiatives
   Constitutional Convention
   Constitutional Commission
   Role of the Courts
   Constitutional Amendment Trends
   State Constitutions and Sustainability
   The New "Constitutions" of Sustainable Governance
   Conclusion

6. Legislatures
   Introduction
   State Legislatures
   Representation
   Lawmaking
   Balancing the Power of the Executive
   Variation Among State Legislatures
   Legislatures in General-Purpose Local Government
   
   County Commissions
   City Councils
   Town Boards
   The Adapted City
   Legislatures in Single-Purpose Local Government
   
   Special District Boards
   School District Boards
   Legislatures and Sustainability
   Conclusion

7. Executives
   Introduction
   Governor
   Terms of Office and Eligibility
   Term Limits
   Governor's Office
   Secretary of State
   Attorney General
   State Treasurer
   Superintendent of Public Instruction
   Local Government Executives
   
   County Commissions
   Special Districts
   Municipal Governments
   Strong Mayor-Council
   Weak Mayor-Council
   Municipal Commission Government
   City Managers
   Executives and Sustainability
   Conclusion

8. Courts
   Introduction
   State Court Systems
   How State Courts Work
   Trial Courts
   Intermediate Appellate Courts
   Courts of Last Resort
   Problem-Solving Courts
   Judicial Selection
   Partisan and Nonpartisan Elections
   Judicial Appointments and the Merit System
   Current and Future Challenges Facing State and Local Courts
   State and Local Courts and Sustainability
   Conclusion

9. State and Local Bureaucracy and Administration
   Introduction
   What Is Bureaucracy?
   Moving from Bureaucracy to Administration as a System
   Networks to Somewhere: The Intertwined Process of Administrative Governance
   Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities of the 21st-Century Administrator
   Women and Minorities in Public Administration
   E-Government
   Volunteers, Nonprofits, and Administration
   Historical Trends in State and Local Employment
   Salaries in State and Local Government
   
   State and Local Employees: Where Do They Work? What Do They Get Paid?
   Administration, Governance, and Innovation
   Bureaucracy and the Core Dimensions of Sustainability
   Sustainable Bureaucracies
   Conclusion

10. Budgeting and Sustainability Introduction
    Why Do We Budget?
    Generic Budgeting Processes
    Preparation of Estimates
    Executive Budget Compiled and Submitted to Legislative Body
    Legislative Body Deliberations and Budget Approval
    Budget Execution
    Post-Audit
    Sustainable Budgeting and Sources of Revenue
    Sales and Gross Receipts Taxes
    Personal Income Tax
    License Fees
    Corporate Income Taxes
    Severance Taxes
    Revenue: Past and Future
    Federal Grants-in-Aid: A Key Source of Revenue
    Federal Grants for Sustainability and Community Development
    Federal Grants for Transportation
    Federal Grants for Education
    Federal Grants for the Least Advantaged—Public Health and Income Security
    Federal Grants for Children, Families, and Veterans
    Federal Funding for Programs of Hope and Corrections
    State and Local Budget Expenditures
    Budget Reforms
    Sustainable Budget Focus: Five Key Areas of Future State and Local Budget Needs
    Alternative Energy Sources and Energy Conservation
    Climate Change Impacts
    Infrastructure Renewal
    Bio-Equity
    Technology and Innovation
    Budgeting and the Core Dimensions of Sustainability
    Conclusion

11. Entitlements
    Introduction
    Background and Types of Entitlements
    Meanings of "Entitlement"
    Entitlements and Sustainability
    Public Assistance
    Healthcare
    Medicare and Medicaid
    Medicare
    Medicaid
    State Children's Health Insurance Program (S-CHIP)
    Unemployment Compensation
    
    Entitlements and the Core Dimensions of Sustainability
    Conclusion

12. Traditional and Visible Services: Criminal Justice, Education, Transportation, and Emergency Management
    Introduction
    Criminal Justice
    Crime in America
    Remedies
    Education
    Importance of Education
    Politics and Education
    No Child Left Behind Act
    Higher Education
    Higher Education Access
    Higher Education Affordability
    Higher Education Accountability
    Higher Education Technology and Sustainability
    Transportation
    Sustainable Transportation Systems
    Emergency Management
    Emergency Management Strategies
    Political Crisis Preparedness
    Natural Disaster Preparedness
    Health Emergency Preparedness
    Sustainability in Preparedness Efforts
    Conclusion