Introduction to Philosophy
Classical and Contemporary Readings
Fifth Edition
ISBN13: 9780195390360ISBN10: 0195390369
Paperback,
880 pages
Jul 2009,
In Stock
Price:
$79.95 (04)Table of Contents
*=New to this edition
Preface
PART I: PHILOSOPHY
Introduction: On the Study of Philosophy
Bertrand Russell, The Value of Philosophy
Plato, Apology: Defence of Socrates
PART II: GOD AND EVIL
Introduction
A. Why Believe?
Saint Anselm, The Ontological Argument
Saint Thomas Aquinas, The Existence of God
William Paley, Natural Theology
Blaise Pascal, The Wager
Bertrand Russell, Why I Am Not a Christian
B. The Problem of Evil
David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion
Gottfried Leibniz, God, Evil and the Best of All Possible Worlds
John Perry, A Dialogue on Good, Evil, and the Existence of God
PART III: KNOWLEDGE AND REALITY
Introduction
A. Plato and the Concept of Knowledge
Plato, Thaetetus
Edmund L. Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge?
B. Descartes and the Problems of Skepticism
René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy
Christopher Grau, Bad Dreams, Evil Demons, and the Experience Machine: Philosophy and
The Matrix
Robert Nozick, Excerpt from
Philosophical Explanations
C. Hume's Problems and Some Solutions
David Hume, Of Scepticism with Regard to the Senses
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding
W. C. Salmon, The Problem of Induction
PART IV: MINDS, BODIES, AND PERSONS
Introduction
A. The Traditional Problem of Mind and Body
Bertrand Russell, The Argument from Analogy for Other Minds
Gilbert Ryle, Descartes's Myth
David M. Armstrong, The Nature of Mind
Daniel Dennett, Intentional Systems
Paul M. Churchland, Eliminative Materialism
B. Minds, Brains, and Machines
A. M. Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence
John R. Searle, Minds, Brains, and Programs
C. Consciousness
Thomas Nagel, What Is It Like to Be a Bat?
Frank Jackson, What Mary Didn't Know
David Lewis, Knowing What It's Like
D. Personal Identity
John Perry, A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality
Bernard Williams, The Self and the Future
Derek Parfit, Personal Identity
* J. David Velleman, So It Goes
Daniel Dennett, Where Am I?
E. Freedom, Determinism, and Responsibility
Roderick M. Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self
Peter van Inwagen, The Powers of Rational Beings: Freedom of the Will
David Hume, Of Liberty and Necessity
Harry G. Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility
Harry G. Frankfurt, Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person
* Thomas Nagel, Moral Luck
PART V: ETHICS AND SOCIETY
Introduction
A. Utilitarianism
Jeremy Bentham, The Principle of Utility
John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism
E. F. Carritt, Criticisms of Utilitarianism
J. J. C. Smart, Extreme and Restricted Utilitarianism
Bernard Williams, Utilitarianism and Integrity
Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality
B. Kantian Ethics
Immanuel Kant, Groundwork of the Metaphysic of Morals
* David Velleman, A Brief Introduction to Kantian Ethics
Onora O'Neill, Kantian Approaches to Some Famine Problems
Thomas Nagel, War and Massacre
C. Aristotelian Ethics
Aristotle, Nicomachean Ethics
Thomas Nagel, Aristotle on
Eudaimonia
D. Justice and Equality
John Rawls, A Theory of Justice
Robert Nozick, Justice and Entitlement
G. A. Cohen, Where the Action Is: On the Site of Distributive Justice
John Stuart Mill, The Subjection of Women
Debra Satz, Markets in Women's Reproductive Labor
Kwame Anthony Appiah, Racisms
E. Challenges to Morality
1. Morality and Self-Interest
Plato, The Republic
David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals
David Gauthier, Morality and Advantage
J. L. Mackie, The Law of the Jungle: Moral Alternatives and Principles of Evolution
2. Subjectivism, Relativism, and Skepticism
J. L. Mackie, The Subjectivity of Values
Gilbert Harman, Ethics and Observation
Nicholas L. Sturgeon, Moral Explanations
PART VI: EXISTENTIAL ISSUES
* Susan Wolf, Moral Saints
Thomas Nagel, The Absurd
Albert Camus,
The Myth of Sisyphus
Richard Taylor, The Meaning of Human Existence
Susan Wolf, The Meanings of Lives
* Thomas Nagel, Death
PART VII: PUZZLES AND PARADOXES
Introduction
A. Zeno's Paradoxes
Achilles and the Tortoise
The Racecourse
The Argument Against Plurality
B. Metaphysical and Epistemological Puzzles and Paradoxes
The Paradox of Identity
The Paradox of the Heap
The Surprise Examination
Goodman's New Riddle of Induction
C. Puzzles of Rational Choice
The Prisoner's Dilemma
Newcomb's Problem
Kavka's Toxin Puzzle
Quinn's Puzzle of the Self-Torturer
D. Paradoxes of Logic, Set Theory, and Semantics
The Paradox of the Liar
Other Versions of the Liar
Russell's Paradox
Grelling's Paradox
E. Puzzles of Ethics
The Trolley Problem
Ducking Harm and Sacrificing Others
Glossary
