Richards, Clark & Clarke: The Human Brain and its Disorders 
Figures from the textbookRichards, Clark & Clarke: The Human Brain and its Disorders
Hyperlinked references
This page contains all the references from the textbook, arranged by chapter. Direct links have been provided to those articles which are available online.
[Chapter 1] [Chapter 2] [Chapter 3] [Chapter 4] [Chapter 5] [Chapter 6] [Chapter 7] [Chapter 8] [Chapter 9] [Chapter 10] [Chapter 11] [Chapter 12] [Chapter 13] [Chapter 14] [Chapter 15] [Chapter 16]
Chapter 1: Brain basics
M. F. Bear, B. W. Connors and M. Paradiso. Neuroscience: exploring the brain, 3rd edn. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
A. Siegel and H. N. Sapru. Essential neuroscience. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
Chapter 2: Brain function: from membrane to memory
M. F. Bear, B. W. Connors and M. Paradiso. Neuroscience: exploring the brain, 3rd edn. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2006.
A. Siegel and H. N. Sapru. Essential neuroscience. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2005.
Chapter 3: The genomics of brain disorders
B. Alberts, A. Johnson, J. Lewis et al. Molecular biology of the cell, 4th ed. New York: Garland Science, 2002.
D. Stekel. Microarray bioinformatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
Chapter 4: Basic psychiatric concepts
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual, 4th edn, text revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.
D. Brown, J. Pedder, and A. Bateman. Introduction to psychotherapy; an outline of psychodynamic principles and practice. London: Routledge, 2000.
M. G. Gelder, J. J. Lopez-Ibor, and N. C. Andreasen. New Oxford textbook of psychiatry. Oxford: University Press, 2000.
B. J. Saddock and V. A. Saddock. Synopsis of psychiatry. Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 2003.
A. Sims. Symptoms in the mind, 3rd edn. London: W. B. Saunders/Elsevier, 2003.
E. Smith, S. Nolen-Hoeksema and B. Fredrickson. Atkinson and Hilgard's introduction to psychology. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2002.
World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Geneva, World Health Organization, 1992.
Chapter 5: Cerebrovascular diseases
E. M. Manno. Subarachnoid haemorrhage. Neurologic Clinics 2004: 22; 347-366. [PubMed 15062516] [DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2003.12.002]
Neurology in practice: Issue 1-Stroke. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2001; 70 (Suppl. 1).
C. Warlow, C. Sudlow, M. Dennis et al. Stroke. Lancet 2003; 362: 1211-1224. [PubMed 14568745] [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736%2803%2914544-8]
Chapter 6: Epilepsy
G. Avanzini and S. Franceschetti. Cellular biology of epileptogenesis. Lancet Neurology 2003; 2: 33-42. [PubMed 12849299] [DOI: 10.1016/S1474-4422%2803%2900265-5]
R. Guerrini, G. Casari, and C. Marini. The genetic and molecular basis of epilepsy. Trends in Molecular Medicine 2003; 9: 300-306. [PubMed 12900217] [DOI: 10.1016/S1471-4914%2803%2900116-3]
H. Lerche, Y.G. Weber, K. Jurkat-Rott, and F. Lehmann-Horn. Ion channel defects in idiopathic epilepsies. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2005; 11: 2737-2752. [PubMed 16101452] [DOI: 10.2174/1381612054546815]
Chapter 7: Alzheimer's disease and related disorders
M. M. Esiri, J. H. Morris, and J. Trojanowski (eds). The neuropathology of dementia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
K. Herrup, R. Neve, S. L. Ackerman, and A. Copani. Divide and die: cell cycle events as triggers of nerve cell death. Journal of Neuroscience 2004; 24: 9232-9239. [PubMed 15496657] [DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3347-04.2004]
R. Jacoby and C. Oppenheimer. Psychiatry in the elderly, 3rd edn. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.
S. Lovestone and D. M. McLoughlin. Protein aggregates and dementia: is there a common toxicity? Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2002; 72: 152-161. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.72.2.152]
A. Mudher and S. Lovestone. AD-do tauists and baptists finally shake hands? Trends in Neurosciences 2002; 25: 22-26. [PubMed 11801334] [DOI: 10.1016/S0166-2236%2800%2902031-2]
Z. Nagy. The last neuronal division: a unifying hypothesis for the pathogenesis of AD. Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine 2005; 9: 531-541. [PubMed 16202202]
R. L. Neve and N. K. Robakis. AD: a re-examination of the amyloid hypothesis. Trends in Neurosciences 1998; 21: 15-19. [PubMed 9464679] [DOI: 10.1016/S0166-2236%2897%2901168-5]
D. R. Thal, K. Del Tredici, and H. Braak. Neurodegeneration in normal brain aging and disease. Science of Aging Knowledge Environment 2004; 23: 26.
Chapter 8: Other neurodegenerative conditions
R. H. Brown, V. Meininger and M. Swash. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. London: Martin Dunitz, 2000.
C. E. Clarke. Parkinson's disease in practice, 2nd edn. London: Royal Society of Medicine, 2007.
D. W. Cleveland and J. D. Rothstein-From Charcot to Lou Gehrig: deciphering selective motor neuron death in ALS. Nature Reviews, Neuroscience 2001; 2: 806-808. [DOI: 10.1038/35097565]
K. E. Morrison. Therapies in ALS-beyond riluzole. Current Opinion in Pharmacology 2002; 2: 302-309. [PubMed 12020475] [DOI: 10.1016/S1471-4892%2802%2900169-8]
J. R. Playfer and J. V. Hindle. Parkinson's disease in the older patient. London: Arnold, 2001.
R. L. Watts and W. C. Koller. Movement disorders. Neurologic principles and practice, 2nd edn. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Chapter 9: Brain infections
A. Caudhuri and P. G. Kennedy. Diagnosis and treatment of viral encephalitis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2002; 78(924): 575-483. [DOI: 10.1136/pmj.78.924.575]
R. S. G. Knight and R. G. Will. Prion diseases. Neurology in practice. Supplement to Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2004; 75: 36-42. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.036137]
A. Verma. Infections of the nervous system. Chapter 59 in Neurology in clinical practice, 4th edn, eds W. G. Bradley, R. B. Daroff, G. Fenichel and J. Jankovic. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004.
Chapter 10: Multiple sclerosis
S. M. Leary, B. Porter and A. J. Thompson. Multiple sclerosis: diagnosis and the management of acute relapses. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2005; 81; 302-308. [PubMed 15879043] [DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.029413]
M. J. Olek and D. M. Dawson. Multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system. In Neurology in Clinical Practice, 4th edn,. eds W. G. Bradley, R. B. Daroff, G. Fenichel and J. Jankovic, pp. 1631-1664. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann, 2004.
A. J. Thompson and W. I. McDonald. Multiple sclerosis and its pathophysiology. In Diseases of the nervous system: clinical neurobiology, 2nd edn, ed. W. I. McDonald, A. K. Asbury, and G. M. McKhann, pp. 1209-1228. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders, 1992.
J. Zajicek. Diagnosis and disease modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 2005; 81; 556-561. [PubMed 16143683] [DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.2004.031294]
Chapter 11: Headache and chronic pain
Neurology in practice: Issue 6-Headache. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2002; 72 (Suppl. 11).
S. D. Silberstein, R. B. Lipton and D. J. Dalessio. Wolff's headache and other head pain, 7th edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
A practical guide to the provisions of chronic pain services for adults in primary care. London: British Pain Society and Royal College of General Practitioners, 2004.
Chapter 12: Neurosurgery
F. Ali-Osman. Brain tumours. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2005.
G. Cinalli, W. J. Maixner, and C. Sainte-Rose. Pediatric hydrocephalus. Milano: Springer, 2004.
S. S. Rengachary and R. G. Ellenbogen. Principles of neurosurgery, 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Elsevier, 2004.
G. Teasdale and B. Jennet. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974; 2(7872); 81-84. [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736%2874%2991639-0]
A. C. Williams. Patient care in neurology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Chapter 13: Anxiety and related disorders
M. J. Friedman. Biological and pharmacological aspects of the treatment of PTSD. In Handbook of post-traumatic stress disorder therapy, ed. M. Williams, M. Sommer, and M. Westport. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1994.
D. F. Klein. Delineation of two drug responsive anxiety syndromes. Psychopharmacologia 1964; 5: 397-408. [PubMed 14194683] [DOI: 10.1007/BF02193476]
A. J. Lewis. Problems of obsessional illness. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine 1935; 29: 325-336.
D. J. Nutt and C. Lawson. Panic attacks: a neurochemical overview of models and mechanisms. British Journal of Psychiatry 1992; 160: 165-178. [PubMed 1540756]
R. Ramsay. Post-traumatic stress disorder: a new clinical entity. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 1990; 34: 355-365. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-3999%2890%2990059-D]
M. R. Trimble. Post-traumatic neurosis. Chichester: Wiley, 1981.
World Health Organization. The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1992.
Chapter 14: Mood disorders
L. B. Alloy, L. Y. Abramson, S. Urosevic et al. The psychosocial context of bipolar disorder: environmental, cognitive, and developmental risk factors. Clinical Psychology Review 2005; 25(8): 1043-1075. [PubMed 16140445] [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.06.006]
N. Andreasen. Brave new brain: conquering mental illness in the era of the genome. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
N. Craddock, M. C. O'Donovan, and M. J. Owen. Genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Implications for psychiatric nosology. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006; 32(1): 9-16. [DOI: 10.1093/schbul%2Fsbj033]
T. Deckersbach, D. D. Dougherty, and S. L. Rauch. Functional imaging of mood and anxiety disorders. Journal of Neuroimaging 2006; 16(1): 1-10. [PubMed 16483270]
K. P. Ebmeier, C. Donaghey, and J. D. Steele. Recent developments and current controversies in depression. Lancet 2006; 367: 153-167. [PubMed 16413879] [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736%2806%2967964-6]
F. K. Goodwin and K. R. Jamison. Manic-depressive illness. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990.
A. R. Hariri, E. M. Drabant, and D. R. Weinberger. Imaging genetics: perspectives from studies of genetically driven variation in serotonin function and corticolimbic affective processing. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 59(10): 888-897. [PubMed 16442081] [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.11.005]
J. P. Herman, M. M. Ostrander, N. K. Mueller, and H. Figueiredo. Limbic system mechanisms of stress regulation: hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical axis. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 2005; 29(8): 1201-1213. [PubMed 16271821] [DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2005.08.006]
K. R. Jamison. An unquiet mind: a memoir of moods and madness. London: Picador, 1997.
D. F. Levinson. The genetics of depression: a review. Biological Psychiatry 2006; 60(2): 84-92. [PubMed 16300747]
J. Scott. Psychotherapy for bipolar disorders-efficacy and effectiveness. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2006; 20: 46-50. [PubMed 16551672] [DOI: 10.1177/1359786806063078]
L. Wolpert. Malignant sadness: the anatomy of depression. London: Faber & Faber, 2001.
Chapter 15: Schizophrenia and related psychoses
N. Andreasen. Brave new brain: conquering mental illness in the era of the genome. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
M. R. Broome, J. B. Woolley, P. Tabraham et al. What causes the onset of psychosis? Schizophrenia Research 2005; 79: 23-34. [PubMed 16198238] [DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.02.007]
D. Cichetti and E. F. Walker (eds). Neurodevelopmental mechanisms in psychopathology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.
M. C. Clarke, M. Harley, and M. Cannon. The role of obstetric events in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006; 32: 3-8. [PubMed 16306181] [DOI: 10.1093/schbul%2Fsbj028]
N. Craddock, M. C. O'Donovan, and M. J. Owen. Genes for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder? Implications for psychiatric nosology. Schizophrenia Bulletin 2006; 32(1): 9-16. [DOI: 10.1093/schbul%2Fsbj033]
F. B. Dickerson and A. F. Lehman. Evidence-based psychotherapy for schizophrenia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 2006; 194: 3-9. [PubMed 16462548] [DOI: 10.1097/01.nmd.0000195316.86036.8a]
I. I. Gottesman, Schizophrenia genesis: the origins of madness. New York: Freeman, 1990.
P. McGrath. Spider. London: Penguin, 1992.
M. J. Owen, N. Craddock, and M. C. O'Donovan. Schizophrenia: genes at last? Trends in Genetics 2005; 21(9): 518-525. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tig.2005.06.011]
J. L. Rapoport, A. M. Addington, and S. Frangou. The neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia: update 2005. Molecular Psychiatry 2005; 10: 434-449.
K. Seeber and K.S. Cadenhead. How does studying schizotypal personality disorder inform us about the prodrome of schizophrenia? Current Psychiatry Reports 2005; 7: 41-50. [PubMed 15717986]
R. Tandon and W. W. Fleischhacker. Comparative efficacy of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: a critical assessment. Schizophrenia Research 2005; 79: 145-155. [PubMed 16139989] [DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2005.07.025]
A. J. Wearden, N. Tarrier, C. Barrowclough, T. R. Zastowny, and A. A. Rahill. A review of expressed emotion in health care. Clinical Psychology Review 2000; 20(5): 633-666. [PubMed 10860170] [DOI: 10.1016/S0272-7358%2899%2900008-2]
Chapter 16: Psychoactive substance use and addiction
J. P. Allen and V. B. Wilson. Assessing Alcohol Problems: A Guide for Clinicians and Researchers, 2nd edn. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 2003.
A. Lingford-Hughes and D. Nutt. Neurobiology of addiction and implications for treatment. British Journal of Psychiatry 2003; 182: 97-100. [PubMed 12562734] [DOI: 10.1192/bjp.182.2.97]
A. R. Lingford-Hughes, S. Welch, and D. J. Nutt. Evidence based guidelines for the pharmacological management of substance misuse, addiction and comorbidity: recommendationsfrom the British Association of Pharmacology. Journal of Psychopharmacology 2004; 18(3): 293-335. [PubMed 15358975] [DOI: 10.1177/026988110401800321]
W. R. Miller and P. L. Wilbourne. Mesa Grande: a methodological analysis of clinical trials of treatments for alcohol use disorders. Addiction 2002; 97: 265-277. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00019.x]
S. Wanigaratne, P. Davis, K. Pryce, and J. Brotchie. The effectiveness of psychological therapies on drug misusing clients. Research briefing. London: National Treatment Agency for Substance Misuse, 2005.
J. Ward, W. Hall, and R. P. Mattick. Role of maintenance treatment in opioid dependence. Lancet 1999; 353: 221-226. [PubMed 9923893] [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736%2898%2905356-2]
Working Party of the Royal College of Psychiatrists and the Royal College of Physicians. Drugs. Dilemmas and Choices. London: Gaskell, 2000.
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