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Snowden, Thompson and Troscianko: Basic Vision

Chapter 12

Readings and References

There are few books detailing methods in visual science, but good information about physiological techniques can be found in most physiology textbooks, for example Carlson (2004). A very thorough guide to psychophysical techniques, with many findings, is given by Graham (1989). For some more specific information on how things are done in a laboratory, you might want to see Carpenter and Robson (1999).

Papers on specific issues

Brain imaging techniques: To chart how these have developed over the years you might start with Tootell et al. (1996). Also the papers by Hadjikhani et al. (1998) and Tootell et al. (1998) give interesting insights into the application of these techniques.

Neuropsychology: Given the advent of human brain imaging, is there any point in studying brain damaged individuals? Some people think so (Rorden and Karnath, 2004). TMS lesions are discussed in Walsh and Cowey (2000).

Lesioning in animals: The work of Schiller et al. (1990) is a fine example of this technique, and is discussed in Chapter 1.

Microstimulation: A classic example of this is Salzman et al. (1990).

Psychophysics: There is no single paper that will tell you about psychophysics, but reading Graham and Nachmias (1971) will give you a clear indication of a psychophysicist in action.

 

References

Blasdel, G. G. (1992). Differential imaging of ocular dominance and orientation selectivity in monkey striate cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 12, 3115-3138. [PubMed: 1494950]

Carlson, N. R. (2004). Physiology of behavior, 8th edn. New York: Allyn & Bacon.  ↑

Carpenter, R. H. S. and Robson, J. G. (1999) Vision research: a practical guide to laboratory methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  ↑

Graham, N. and Nachmias, J. (1971). Detection of grating patterns containing two spatial frequencies: a comparison of single-channel and multiple-channel models. Vision Research 11, 251-259. [PubMed: 5579840] [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989%2871%2990189-1]  ↑

Graham, N. V. S. (1989) Visual pattern analysers, Vol. 16. Oxford: Oxford University Press.   ↑

Hadjikhani, N., Liu, A. K., Dale, A. M., Cavanagh, P., and Tootell, R. B. H. (1998). Retinotopy and color sensitivity in human visual cortical area V8. Nature Neuroscience 1(3), 235-241. [PubMed: 10195149] [DOI: 10.1038/681]  ↑

Hartline, H. K., Wagner, H. G., and Ratcliff, F. (1956). Inhibition in the eye of Limulus. Journal of General Physiology 39(5), 651-673. [PubMed: 13319654] [DOI: 10.1085/jgp.39.5.651]

Masland, R. H. and Tauchi, M. (1986). The cholinergic amacrine cells. Trends in Neurosciences 9, 218-223. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236%2886%2990062-7]

Newsome, W. T., Britten, K. H., and Movshon, J. A. (1989). Neuronal correlates of a perceptual decision. Nature 341, 52-54. [PubMed: 2770878] [DOI: 10.1038/341052a0]

Rorden, C. and Karnath, H.-O. (2004). Using human brain lesions to infer function: a relic from a past era in the fMRI age? Nature Reviews: Neuroscience 5, 813-819. [PubMed: 15378041]  ↑

Salzman, C. D., Britten, K. H., and Newsome, W. T. (1990). Cortical microstimulation influences perceptual judgements of motion direction. Nature, 346, 174-177. [PubMed: 2366872] [DOI: 10.1038/346174a0]  ↑

Schiller, P. H., Logothetis, N. K., and Charles, E. R. (1990). Functions of the colour-opponent and broadband channels of the visual system. Nature 343, 68-70. [PubMed: 2296292] [DOI: 10.1038/343068a0]  ↑

Sereno, M. I. and Tootell, R. B. H. (2005). From monkeys to humans: what do we know about brain homologies? Current Opinion in Neurobiology 15, 135-144. [PubMed: 15831394] [DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2005.03.014]

Sereno, M. I., Dale, A. M., Reppas, J. B., Kwong, K. K., Belliveau, J. W., Brady, T. J., et al. (1995). Borders of multiple visual areas in human revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Science 268, 889-893. [PubMed: 7754376]

Tootell, R. B. H., Dale, A. M., Sereno, M. I., and Malach, R. (1996). New images from human visual cortex. Trends in Neurosciences 19, 481-489. [PubMed: 8931274] [DOI: 10.1016/S0166-2236%2896%2910053-9]  ↑

Tootell, R. B. H., Hadjikhani, N. K., Vanduffel, W., Liu, A. K., Mendola, J. D., Sereno, M. I., et al. (1998). Functional analysis of primary visual cortex (V1) in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 95, 811-817. [PubMed: 9448245] [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.3.811]  ↑

Walsh, V. and Cowey, A. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and cognitive neuroscience. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience 1, 73-79. [PubMed: 11252771]  ↑