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Snowden, Thompson and Troscianko: Basic Vision

Chapter 11

Readings and References

There are two books that have been highly influential in this area: Milner and Goodale (1995) and Findlay and Gilchrist (2003). For more specifics on eye movements, see Carpenter (1988).

Papers on specific issues

'What' versus 'where': The experiments described looking at the effects of brain lesions in the ventral and dorsal streams are described in Mishkin et al. (1983).

Blindsight: The experiments described stem from Cowey and Stoerig (1995), and a discussion of blindsight and its controversial history can be found in Cowey (2004).

Optic ataxia: The classic studies of Perenin et al. are described in Perenin and Vighetto (1988); for a recent rethink that links to the notions of action and perception, see Rizzolatti and Matelli (2003).

Perception versus action: The notion that we might have separate visual representations is still very controversial. The original hypothesis is well laid out in Goodale and Milner (1992) and Milner and Goodale (1995). The experiment using the Titchener circles can be found in Aglioti et al. (1995).

Eye movements: The importance of eye movements is well documented by Martinez-Conde et al. (2004). A good review of saccadic eye movements and in particular their generation is provided by Carpenter (2000). For the relationship between eye movements and attention, the subthreshold microstimulation experiments mentioned were by Moore and Fallah (2001) and M�ller et al. (2005).

Eye movements and real world tasks: The experiments on reading are presented in an easily digestible form by Starr and Rayner (2001). Those interested in sports should try Land and McLeod (2000); those interested in driving, Land and Lee (1994); and those who prefer a cup of tea, Land et al. (1999).

Visual consciousness: Crick and Koch (1995) is a good starting point, but you might prefer their Scientific American article (Crick and Koch 1992). Much of the monkey psychophysics is described by Logothetis (1998). For an erudite yet entertaining view, try Chapters 12-16 of Morgan (2003).

 

References

Aglioti, S., DeSouza, J. F. X., and Goodale, M. A. (1995). Size-contrast illusions deceive the eye but not the hand. Current Biology 5, 679-685. [PubMed: 7552179] [DOI: 10.1016/S0960-9822%2895%2900133-3]  ↑

Carpenter, R. H. S. (1988) Movements of the eyes. London: Pion.  ↑

Carpenter, R. H. S. (2000). The neural control of looking. Current Biology 10, 291-293. [DOI: 10.1016/S0960-9822%2800%2900430-9]  ↑

Cowey, A. and Stoerig, P. (1995). Blindsight in monkeys. Nature 373, 247-249. [PubMed: 7816139] [DOI: 10.1038/373247a0]  ↑

Cowey, A. (2004). The 30th Sir Frederick Bartlett lecture: Fact, artefact, and myth about blindsight. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology 57, 577-609.  ↑

Crick, F. and Koch, C. (1992). The problem of consciousness. Scientific American 267, September, 152-159.  ↑

Crick, F. and Koch, C. (1995). Are we aware of neural activity in primary visual cortex? Nature 375, 121-123. [PubMed: 7753166] [DOI: 10.1038/375121a0]  ↑

Crick, F. C. and Koch, C. (1998). Consciousness and neuroscience. Cerebral Cortex 8, 97-107. [PubMed: 9542889] [DOI: 10.1093/cercor%2F8.2.97]

Findlay, J. M. and Gilchrist, I. D. (2003) Active vision: the psychology of looking and seeing. Oxford:Oxford University Press.  ↑

Goodale, M. A. and Milner, A. D. (1992). Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neurosciences 15, 20-25. [PubMed: 1374953] [DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236%2892%2990344-8]  ↑

Land, M., Mennie, N., and Rusted, J. (1999). The roles of vision and eye movements in the control of activities of daily living. Perception 28, 1311-1328. [PubMed: 10755142] [DOI: 10.1068/p2935]  ↑

Land, M. F. and Lee, D. N. (1994). Where we look when we steer. Nature 369, 742-744. [PubMed: 8008066] [DOI: 10.1038/369742a0]  ↑

Land, M. F. and McLeod, P. (2000). From eye movements to actions: how batsmen hit the ball. Nature Neuroscience 3, 1340-1345. [PubMed: 11100157] [DOI: 10.1038/81887]  ↑

Lehmkuhle, S. and Fox, R. (1975). Effect of binocular rivalry suppression on the motion aftereffect. Vision Research 15, 855-859. [PubMed: 1154668] [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989%2875%2990266-7]

Logothetis, N. (1998). Single units and conscious vision. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 353, 1801-1818. [DOI: 10.1098/rstb.1998.0333]  ↑

Logothetis, N. D. and Schall, J. D. (1989). Neuronal correlates of subjective visual perception. Science 245, 761-763. [PubMed: 2772635]

Martinez-Conde, S., Macknik, S. L., and Hubel, D. H. (2004). The role of fixational eye movements in visual perception. Nature Reviews: Neuroscience 5, 229-240. [PubMed: 14976522]  ↑

Milner, A. D. and Goodale, M. A. (1995) The visual brain in action. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  ↑

Mishkin, M., Ungerleider, L. G., and Macko, K. (1983). Object vision and spatial vision: two cortical pathways. Trends in Neurosciences 6, 414-417. [DOI: 10.1016/0166-2236%2883%2990190-X]  ↑

Moore, T. and Fallah, M. (2001). Control of eye movements and visual attention. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 98, 1273-1276. [PubMed: 11158629] [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.021549498]  ↑

Morgan, M. (2003) The space between our ears. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson.  ↑

M�ller, J. R., Philiastides, M. G., and Newsome, W. T. (2005). Microstimulation of the superior colliculus focuses attention without moving the eyes. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 102, 524-529. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0408311101]  ↑

Perenin, M.-T. and Vighetto, A. (1988). Optic ataxia: a specific disruption in visuomotor mechanisms. I. Different aspects of the deficit in reaching for objects. Brain 111, 643-674. [PubMed: 3382915]  ↑

Rizzolatti, G. and Matelli, M. (2003). Two different streams form the dorsal visual system: anatomy and functions. Experimental Brain Research 153, 146-157. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-003-1588-0]  ↑

Starr, M. S. and Rayner, K. (2001). Eye movements during reading: some current controversies. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5, 156-163. [PubMed: 11287269] [DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6613%2800%2901619-3]  ↑

Sutherland, S. (1989) The international dictionary of psychology. New York: Continuum.

Ungerleider, L. G. and Mishkin, M. (1982). Two cortical visual systems. In: D. J. Ingle, M. A. Goodale, and R. J. W. Mansfield (ed.). Analysis of visual behavior. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, pp. 549-586.