Snowden, Thompson and Troscianko: Basic Vision
Chapter 10
Readings and References
There are some recent books devoted purely to the perception of faces. Particularly readable, and beautifully illustrated, is Bruce and Young's In the eye of the beholder (2005), and for a similar treatment you may want to look at Liggett (1974). More detailed coverage of these issues can be found in Young (1999).
Papers on specific issues
Configural cues: The Thatcher illusion was first presented in Thompson (1980) and the various other experiments mentioned are from Tanaka and Farah (1993); Rhodes et al. (1987), and Young et al. (1987). You may also be interested in looking at the effects of the loss of configural cues on the activity in the brain in George et al. (1999).
Expressions: The classic work in this area is that of Paul Ekman (Ekman 1992). The work described on categorical perception is that of Calder et al. (1996).
Face cells: A good review of the early work in this field can be found in Desimone (1991), and the work showing different areas for identification was done by Hasselmo et al. (1989). The problem of how such cells attain their selectivity is not discussed in the text and is still highly controversial, but progress is being made and Riesenhuber and Poggio (1999) is well worth reading. You should also note the similarity of 'face cells' to the 'grandmother cells' discussed in Chapter 3.
Brain areas of humans involved in face perception: This is a very fast-moving field. The paper first identifying the area (and discussed in the text) is Kanwisher et al. (1997), and the experiment utilizing Rubin's vase was by Andrews et al. (2002). More up-to-date work can be found in Grill-Spector et al. (2004). The paper looking at the fast track of fearful stimuli to the amygdala is by Vuilleumier et al. (2003).
Prosopagnosia and delusional misidentification: A nice review of this area can be found in Ellis and Lewis, (2001), which covers a lot of normal face recognition as well. Attractiveness and beauty: A good start to this interesting area is Perrett et al. (1994).
References
Andrews, T. J., Schluppeck, D., Homfray, D., Matthews, P., and Blakemore, C. (2002). Activity in the fusiform gyrus predicts conscious perception of Rubin's Vase: Face illusion. NeuroImage 17, 890-901. [PubMed: 12377163] [DOI: 10.1016/S1053-8119%2802%2991243-7] ↑
Bruce, V. and Young, A. (2005) the eye of the beholder. New York: Oxford University Press.
Calder, A. J., Young, A. W., Perrett, D. I., Etcoff, N. L., and Rowland, D. (1996). Categorical perception of morphed facial expressions. Visual Cognition 3, 81-117. ↑
Desimone, R. (1991). Face-selective cells in the temporal cortex of monkeys. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 3(1), 1-8. ↑
Ecobank, M. P., Schluppeck, D., and Andrews, T. J. (2005). FMR: adaptation reveals a distributed representation of inanimate objects and places in human visual cortex. Neuroimage 28, 268-279. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.06.036]
Ekman, P. (1992). Facial expressions of emotion: an old controversy and new findings. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B, Biological Sciences 335, 63-69. ↑
Ellis, H. D. and Lewis, M. B. (2001). Capgras delusion: a window of face recognition. Trends in Cognitive Sciences 5, 149-156. [PubMed: 11287268] [DOI: 10.1016/S1364-6613%2800%2901620-X] ↑
George, N., Dolan, R. J., Fink, G. R., Baylis, G. C., Russell, C. and Driver, J. (1999). Contrast polarity and face recognition in the human fusiform gyrus. Nature Neuroscience 2(6), 574-580. [PubMed: 10448224] [DOI: 10.1038/9230] ↑
Grill-Spector, K., Knouf, N., and Kanwisher, N. (2004). The fusiform face area subserves face perception, not generic within-category identification. Nature Neuroscience 7, 555-562. [PubMed: 15077112] [DOI: 10.1038/nn1224] ↑
Hasselmo, M. E., Rolls, E. T., and Baylis, G. C. (1989). The role of expression and identity in the faceselective responses of neurons in the temporal visual cortex of the monkey. Behavioural Brain Research 32, 203-218. [PubMed: 2713076] ↑
Hershler, O. and Hochstein, S. (2005). At first sight: a high-level pop-out effect for faces. Vision Research 45(13), 1707-1724. [PubMed: 15792845] [DOI: 10.1016/j.visres.2004.12.021]
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., and Chun, M. M. (1997). The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception. Journal of Neuroscience 17, 4302-4311. [PubMed: 9151747] ↑
Liggett, J. (1974) The human face. London: Constable. ↑
Perrett, D. I., May, K. A., and Yoshikawa, S. (1994). Facial shape and judgments of female attractiveness. Nature 368(6468), 239-242. [PubMed: 8145822] [DOI: 10.1038/368239a0] ↑
Rhodes, G., Brennan, S., and Carey, S. (1987). Identification and ratings of caricatures: implications for mental representations of faces. Cognitive Psychology 19, 473-497. [PubMed: 3677584] [DOI: 10.1016/0010-0285%2887%2990016-8] ↑
Riesenhuber, M. and Poggio, T. (1999). Hierarchical models of object recognition in cortex. Nature Neuroscience 2, 1019-1025. [PubMed: 10526343] [DOI: 10.1038/14819] ↑
Tanaka, J. W. and Farah, M. J. (1993). Parts and wholes in face recognition. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 46A, 225-245. ↑
Thompson, P. (1980). Margaret Thatcher: a new illusion. Perception 9, 383-384. ↑
Tranel, D. and Damasio, A. R. (1985). Knowledge without awareness: an autonomic index of facial recognition by prosopagnosics. Science 228, 145-1454.
Tranel, D., Damasio, H. and Damasio, A. (1995). Double dissociation between overt and covert face recognition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 7, 425-432.
Vuilleumier, P., Armony, J. L., Driver, J., and Dolan, R. J. (2003). Distinct spatial frequency sensitivities for processing faces and emotional expressions. Nature Neuroscience 6, 624-631. [PubMed: 12740580] [DOI: 10.1038/nn1057] ↑
Young, A. (1999) Faces. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ↑
Young, A. W., Hellawell, D. H., and Hay, D. C. (1987). Configurational information in face perception. Perception 16, 747-759. [PubMed: 3454432] ↑


