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Snowden, Thompson and Troscianko: Basic Vision

Chapter 08

Readings and References

The book by Daw (1995) gives excellent coverage of most aspects of visual development. Likewise Atkinson (2000) provides a very comprehensive account of the area. The classic early work of Fanz, Gibson, and others is well told in Fanz (1961) and Gibson and Walk (1960). A fascinating account of early work in the area is available in Teller and Movshon (1986). For a more specialized view of babies' pattern of eye movements and what they like to look at, see Haith (1980).

Papers on specific issues

What can a baby see?: Atkinson and Braddick (1998) covers this area well. For some clever experiments, see Shimojo et al. (1984).

Selective rearing experiments and amblyopia: Some of the classics are Hubel and Wiesel (1970) and Blakemore and Cooper (1970). For some more recent work using more 'natural' occurring problems that lead to amblyopia, see Kiorpes and Movshon (1996) and Kiorpes et al. (1998).

Development of vision: The experiments illustrating form perception and the behavioural techniques used to explore baby vision were by Braddick et al. (1986) and Slater et al. (1988). An up-to-date review is provided by Atkinson (2000).

Face perception: The early work of Fanz (1961) is of interest and its more recent extensions can be found in Morton and Johnson (1991). The interesting idea that babies may be able to see some facial differences that adults can't is illustrated by the study of Pascalis et al. (2002).

Active versus passive vision: The classic prism experiments can be found in Held (1965), and for some more up-to-date experiments you might start with Kitazawa et al. (1995).

Eye movements in infancy: The original reports of strange saccadic eye movements can be found in Aslin and Salapatek (1975), and some insights into what babies look at can be found in Bronson (1994).

Vision in old age: Our lack of information on this topic can be remedied by reading Burton et al. (1993) or Spear (1993).

 

References

Aslin, R. N. and Salapatek, P. (1975). Saccadic localization of visual targets by the very young human infant. Perception and Psychophysics 17, 293-392.  

Atkinson, J. and Braddick, O. (1998). Research methods in infant vision. In: J. G. Robson and R. H. S. Carpenter (ed.), Vision research: a practical approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press.   

Atkinson, J. (2000) The developing visual brain. Oxford: Oxford University Press.  

Blakemore, C. and Cooper, G. F. (1970). Development of the brain depends on the visual environment. Nature 228, 477-478. [PubMed: 5482506] [DOI: 10.1038/228477a0]  

Braddick, O. J., Wattam-Bell, J., and Atkinson, J. (1986). Orientation-specific cortical responses develop in early infancy. Nature 320, 617-619. [PubMed: 3702994] [DOI: 10.1038/320617a0]  

Bronson, G. W. (1994). Infant's transitions towards adult-like scanning. Child Development 65, 1243-1261. [PubMed: 7982349] [DOI: 10.2307/1131497]  

Burton, K. B., Owsley, C., and Sloane, M. E. (1993). Aging and neural spatial contrast sensitivity: photopic vision. Vision Research 33, 939-946. [PubMed: 8506637] [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989%2893%2990077-A]  

Daw, N. (1995) Visual development. New York: Plenum Press.  

Fanz, R. (1961). The origin of form perception. Scientific American 204, May, 66-72.  

Gibson, E. J. and Walk, R. D. (1960). The 'visual cliff'. Scientific American 202, April, 64-71.  

Haith, M. M. (1980) Rules that babies look by: the organization of newborn visual activity. Potomac, MD: Laurence Erlbaum Associates.  

Held, R. and Bossom, J. (1961). Neonatal deprivation and adult rearrangement: complementary techniques for analyzing plastic sensory-motor coordination. Journal of Comparative Physiological Psychology 54, 33-37. [PubMed: 13713069] [DOI: 10.1037/h0046207]

Held, R. and Hein, A. (1963). Movement-produced stimulation in the development of visually guided behavior. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology 56, 872-876. [PubMed: 14050177] [DOI: 10.1037/h0040546]

Held, R. (1965). Plasticity in sensory-motor systems. Scientific American 213, November, 84-94. [PubMed: 5828465]  

Hubel, D. H. and Wiesel, T. N. (1970). The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens. Journal of Physiology (London) 206, 419-436.  

Kiorpes, L. and Bassin, S.A. (2003). Development of contour integration in macaque monkeys. Visual Neuroscience 20, 567-575. [PubMed: 14977335] [DOI: 10.1017/S0952523803205101]

Kiorpes, L. and Movshon, J. A. (1996). Amblyopia: a developmental disorder of the central visual pathways. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 61, 39-48. [PubMed: 9246433]  

Kiorpes, L., Kiper, D. C., O'Keefe, L. P., Cavanaugh, J. R., and Movshon, J. A. (1998). Neuronal correlates of amblyopia in the visual cortex of macaque monkeys with experimental strabismus and anisometropia. Journal of Neuroscience 18, 6411-6424. [PubMed: 9698332]  

Kitazawa, S., Kohno, T., and Uka, T. (1995). Effects of delayed visual information on the rate and amount of prism adaptation in the human. Journal of Neuroscience 15, 7644-7652. [PubMed: 7472515]  

Kohler, I. (1962). Experiments with goggles. Scientific American 206(5), 62-72.

Morton, J. and Johnson, M. H. (1991). CONSPEC and CONLERN: a two-process theory of infant face recognition. Psychological Review 98, 164-181. [PubMed: 2047512] [DOI: 10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.164]  

Pascalis, O., de Haan, M., and Nelson, C. A. (2002). Is face processing species-specific during the first year of life? Science 296, 1321-1323. [PubMed: 12016317] [DOI: 10.1126/science.1070223]  

Shimojo, S., Birch, E. E., Gwiazda, J. and Held, R. (1984). Development of vernier acuity in infants. Vision Research 24, 721-728. [PubMed: 6464365] [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989%2884%2990213-X]  

Slater, A., Morison, V., and Somers, M. (1988). Orientation discrimination and cortical function in the human newborn. Perception 17, 597-602. [PubMed: 3249667]  

Spear, P. D. (1993). Neural bases of visual deficits during aging. Vision Research, 33, 2589-2609. [PubMed: 8296455] [DOI: 10.1016/0042-6989%2893%2990218-L]  

Stratton, G. M. (1897). Vision without the inversion of the retinal image. Psychological Review 4, 341-360, 463-481. [DOI: 10.1037/h0071173]

Teller, D. and Movshon, J."A. (1986) Visual development. Vision Research 26, 1483-1596.