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Question 1

Chodorow (1978) argued that gender socialization occurred through:

a) both boys and girls being closely attached to their mothers, but then boys breaking away

b) girls being attached to their mothers but then breaking away

c) boys being attached to their fathers and girls to their mothers

d) both boys and girls being closely attached to their fathers, but girls breaking away

Question 2

Marxist feminists explain patriarchy in terms of:

a) a lack of equal rights and opportunities for men and women

b) sex classes, through which men oppress women economically, politically and sexually

c) women's domestic labour being exploited by the capitalist economy

d) the dual systems of capitalism and male domination

Question 3

Judith Butler (1999) suggested that:

a) sexual characteristics are the biological determinants of gender

b) heterosexuality and homosexuality are essential, opposing identities

c) the 'two-sex' model replaced the 'one-sex' model in the eighteenth century

d) gender is performed through bodily gestures and styles to create 'sex'

Question 4

Women have been excluded from the public sphere because:

a) industrial capitalism separated the middle class home from the workplace

b) those who enter paid employment have been 'sidelined' into particular fields

c) it is difficult to succeed in 'malestream' politics without compromising their femininity

d) all of the above

Question 5

The 'two-sex' model that Laqueur (1990) identified:

a) contrasted homosexuality with heterosexuality

b) distinguished between male and females as separate sexes

c) represented women's genitalia as underdeveloped versions of men's

d) argued for male superiority over women

Question 6

In the nineteenth century, homosexuality was understood as:

a) a positive identity in which gay people could take pride

b) an absolute taboo, which meant that all homosexuals were isolated

c) a subordinate form of masculinity that threatened 'compulsory heterosexuality'

d) confirmation of the two-sex model

Question 7

The deviant subculture of homosexuals who met in seventeenth and eighteenth century London was called the:

a) pollies

b) mollies

c) dollies

d) lollies

Question 8

The 'new man' of the 1980s was alleged to be:

a) sensitive, caring, and emotional

b) laddish, aggressive, and violent

c) a strong and dependable breadwinner

d) openly bisexual and proud of it

Question 9

Which of these changes did not occur during the 'sexual revolution' of the 1960s?

a) a growing fear of HIV and AIDS, fuelled by the New Right

b) divorce law reforms

c) the availability of oral contraception

d) the recognition of women's sexual pleasure

Question 10

Queer Theory makes the claim that:

a) heterosexuality is the normal and most desirable way to be

b) the sexual categories and discourses we use are based upon true, underlying biological differences

c) deviant forms of masculinity are seen as more threatening to the gender order than deviant forms of femininity

d) all sexualities are pluralistic, fragmented and frequently reconstructed

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 05.

Chapter 05

Instructions