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Question 01

Which of the following is not a concept?

a) Leadership.

b) IQ.

c) Total Quality Management.

d) Human Resource Management.

Question 02

The advantages of using multiple-indicator measures are that:

a) they offset the effects of misclassification.

b) they help reduce the number of distinctions between respondents.

c) they reduce the range of aspects of the concept that the researcher can access.

d) all of the above.

Question 03

What is the difference between reliability and validity?

a) Reliability relates to the consistency of respondents, whereas validity relates to the suitability of respondents.

b) Reliability relates to the suitability of respondents, whereas validity relates to the consistency of respondents.

c) Reliability relates to the suitability of an indicator, whereas validity relates to the consistency of measures.

d) Reliability relates to the consistency of measures, whereas validity relates to the suitability of an indicator.

Question 04

Which of the following statements relates to concurrent validity?

a) The measure apparently reflects the content of the concept in question.

b) A criterion is employed on which cases are known to differ.

c) A future criterion is employed on which cases are known to differ.

d) A measure is gauged by comparing it to measures of the same concept developed through other methods.

Question 05

In the statement 'an examination of the effects of discretionary behaviour on employee performance' employee performance is the:

a) Independent variable.

b) Dependent variable.

c) Extraneous variable.

d) Causal variable.

Question 06

Quantitative researcher's preoccupation with generalization is an attempt to:

a) develop the lawlike findings of the natural sciences.

b) boost their chances of publication.

c) enhance the internal validity of their research.

d) demonstrate the complex techniques of statistical analysis.

Question 07

In order to achieve replication quantitative researchers should:

a) dress the same.

b) use only established theories.

c) use exactly the same sample as previous research.

d) be highly explicit about their procedures.

Question 08

The critique of the accuracy of quantitative research includes which of the following?

a) Respondents are not individually selected.

b) Respondents do not always complete questionnaires in the presence of the researcher.

c) Respondents do not interpret key terms in the same way.

d) Respondents may not understand the epistemological foundation of the research.

Question 09

The term 'reverse operationism' means that measures:

a) are designed that lead to the developments of concepts.

b) are designed that reverse the direction of causality.

c) are designed that can be analysed in two alternative ways.

d) are designed that are palindromes.

Question 10

Procedures determining what two issues are rarely used in quantitative research?

a) Objectivity and subjectivity.

b) Reliability and validity.

c) Accessibility and replicability.

d) Quality and quantity.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 06.

Chapter 06

Instructions