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Slater & Lewis: Introduction to Infant Development

Chapter 08

Instructions

Choose your answers from a-d by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your score.

Question 1

What is the youngest age when infants reliably reach for a hidden object?

a) 4 months

b) 6 months

c) 8 months

d) 10 months

Question 2

The 'A not B' error was first described by:

a) Skinner

b) Bandura

c) Freud

d) Piaget

Question 3

The 'A not B' error persists until around what age?

a) 9 months

b) 12 months

c) 15 months

d) 18 months

Question 4

The 'Violation of expectancy' procedure is used to investigate what?

a) Attention to novel events

b) Depth perception

c) Spatial awareness

d) Attention to impossible events

Question 5

The 'Drawbridge study' was carried out by:

a) Piaget

b) Baillargeon

c) Bower

d) Shinskey

Question 6

The 'Drawbridge study' investigated what?

a) Object permanence

b) Spatial awareness

c) Depth perception

d) Support relationships

Question 7

Which of these is the most likely interpretation of the A not B error?

a) Memory limitations

b) Response perseveration

c) Inability to organize a reaching action

d) Inability to use knowledge to guide action

Question 8

Memory limitation accounts of the A not B error have been discounted because:

a) The error occurs when the infants are allowed to search almost immediately after the object has been hidden at B

b) The error occurs when the object at B is in clear view

c) Both A and B

d) None of these

Question 9

At what age did Wilcox et al. report that infants have appropriate expectations about the location of a hidden object?

a) 1 month

b) 2½ months

c) 4 months

d) 5½ months

Question 10

The commonest method of assessing infants' spatial orientation ability is known as:

a) The 'Drawbridge' condition

b) Violation of Expectancy

c) The 'Visual Cliff'

d) The 'peek-a-boo' paradigm

Question 11

In peek-a-boo experiments on spatial awareness:

a) Performance is enhanced by the presence of visual landmarks

b) Performance deteriorates in the presence of visual landmarks

c) Visual landmarks have no effect on performance

d) The presence of visual landmarks increases perseverative responses

Question 12

Infants perceive the third dimension:

a) From birth

b) By 4 months of age

c) By 6 months of age

d) When they are able to crawl

Question 13

The 'Visual Cliff' was first described by:

a) Bower et al

b) Gibson & Walk

c) Acredelo

d) Schwartz, Campos & Baisel

Question 14

When 5-month-olds were lowered on the deep side of the visual cliff:

a) Their respiration rate increased

b) Their respiration rate decreased

c) Their heart rate decelerated

d) Their hear rate accelerated

Question 15

When infants with 11 days crawling experience were tested by Campos et al. (1981):

a) They all avoided the deep side

b) Three quarters avoided the deep side

c) Half avoided the deep side

d) A quarter avoided the deep side

Question 16

When infants with 41 days crawling experience were tested by Campos et al. (1981):

a) Less than a quarter crossed the deep side

b) About half crossed the deep side

c) About three quarters crossed the deep side

d) They all crossed the deep side

Question 17

Evidence that newborn infants perceive depth comes from:

a) Experiments on shape constancy

b) Experiments on size constancy

c) Experiments on movement constancy

d) All of these

Question 18

Newly walking infants:

a) Revert to crawling on the deep side of the visual cliff

b) Rarely avoid the deep side

c) Walk on the deep side if parents encourage them

d) Avoid the deep side

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 08.

Chapter 08

Instructions

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18