Taylor & Drickamer: Introduction to Glycobiology: 2e 
Key Reading References
Answers to ProblemsTaylor & Drickamer: Introduction to Glycobiology: 2e
Chapter 06
Key References:
Bartolozzi, A. and Seeberger, P.H. (2001) New approaches to the chemical synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Current Opinion in Structural Biology 11, 587–592. The most recent advances in chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides are reviewed here and in the manuscript by Wong (2005, see below).
[You must have a username and password to access the full article at http://www.sciencedirect.com/]
Dell, A. and Morris, H.R. (2001) Glycoprotein structure determination by mass spectrometry. Science 291, 2351–2356. Current methods of structure determination by mass spectrometry are illustrated with applications in glycobiology.
[Your institution will need to be a subscriber to access this article online at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/reprint/291/5512/2351.pdf]
Drickamer, K. and Taylor, M.E. (2002) Glycan arrays for functional genomics. Genome Biology 3, 1034.1-1034.4. The commentary provides an overview of recent attempts to develop glycan arrays.
http://genomebiology.com/content/pdf/gb-2002-3-12-reviews1034.pdf
Duus, J.Ø., Gotfredsen, C.H. and Bock, K. (2000) Carbohydrate structural determination by NMR spectroscopy: modern methods and limitations. Chemical Reviews 100, 4589-4614. This review provides a brief summary of traditional methods for analysing glycan structures by NMR, followed by a selection of recent advances.
[Your institution will need to be a subscriber to access this article online at: http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/chreay/2000/100/i12/pdf/cr990302n.pdf]
Dwek, R.A., Edge, C.J., Harvey, D.J., Wormald, M.R., and Parehk, R.B. (1993) Analysis of glycoprotein-associated oligosaccharides. Annual Review of Biochemistry 62, 65–100. This article, and Lennarz and Hart (1994) and Fukuda and Kobata (1993) below, provide details of the basic methods for analysing glycan structure.
http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev.bi.62.070193.000433
Feizi, T. (1985) Demonstration by monoclonal antibodies that carbohydrate structures of glycoproteins and glycolipids are oncodevelopmental antigens. Nature 314, 53–57. A classic summary of how antibodies can be used to probe glycoconjugates. Not available online.
Fukuda, M. and Kobata, A. (1993) Glycobiology: a practical approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Not available online.
Lennarz, W.J. and Hart, G.W. (1994) Guide to techniques in glycobiology. Methods in Enzymology 230. San Diego: Academic Press. Not available online.
Rudd, P.M. and Dwek, R.A. (1997) Rapid, sensitive sequencing of oligosaccharides from glycoproteins. Current Opinion in Biotechnology 8, 488–497. Current methods for release, labelling, and sequencing of glycans are reviewed in detail.
[You must have a username and password to access the full article at http://www.sciencedirect.com/]
Stanley, P. and Ioffe, E. (1995) Glycosyltransferase mutants: key to new insights in glycobiology. FASEB Journal 9, 1436–1444. The uses of cell lines with mutations in glycosyltransferase genes in the study of glycan structure, biosynthesis, and function are reviewed in detail.
http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/reprint/9/14/1436.pdf
Wong C.H. (2005) Protein glycosylation: new challenges and opportunities. Journal of Organic Chemistry 70, 4219-4225.
[Your institution will need to be a subscriber to access this article online at: http://pubs.acs.org/cgi-bin/article.cgi/joceah/2005/70/i11/pdf/jo050278f.pdf]
Wong, S.Y.C. (1995) Neoglycoconjugates and their applications in glycobiology. Current Opinion inStructural Biology 5, 599–604. This paper provides an overview of the methods for making glycoconjugates, and their experimental uses.
[You must have a username and password to access the full article at http://www.sciencedirect.com/]
Questions
5) Describe the methods that were used to analyze the structures of O-linked glycans on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand- 1.
Reference: Wilkins, P.P., McEver, R.P. and Cummings, R.D. (1996) Structures of the O-glycans on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 18732-18742.
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/271/31/18732.pdf
6) Discuss how use of a glycan array in combination with other techniques can identify specific oligosaccharide ligands for sugar-binding proteins and provide insight into the biological functions of the proteins.
References:
Blixt, O., Head, S., Mondala, T., Scanlan, C., Huflejt, M.E., Alvarez, R., Bryan, M.C., Fazio, F., Calarese, D., Stevens, J., Razi, N., Stevens, D.J., Skehel, J.J., van Die, I., Burton, D.R., Wilson, I.A., Cummings, R., Bovin, N., Wong, C.H., Paulson, J.C. (2004) Printed covalent glycan array for ligand profiling of diverse glycan binding proteins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 101, 17033-17038.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/101/49/17033.pdf
Coombs, P.J., Graham, S.A., Drickamer, K, and Taylor, M.E. (2005) Selective binding of the scavenger receptor C-type lectin to Lewis X trisaccharide and related glycan ligands. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 22993-22999.
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/280/24/22993.pdf
Bochner, B.S., Alvarez, R.A., Mehta, P., Bovin, N.V., Blixt, O., White, J.R. and Schnaar, R.L. (2005) Glycan array screening reveals a candidate ligand for Siglec-8. Journal of Biological Chemistry 280, 43074312.
http://www.jbc.org/cgi/reprint/280/6/4307.pdf
Box 6.1 Glycotherapeutics: Synthetic heparin oligosaccharides are used to control blood clotting
Lead references:
Jin, L., Abrahams, J.P., Skinner, R., Petitou, M., Pike, R.N. and Carrell, R.W. (1997) The anticoagulant activation of antithrombin by heparin. Proceeding of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 94, 14683-14688.
http://www.pnas.org/cgi/reprint/94/26/14683.pdf
Bauer, K.A. (2003) New pentasaccharides for prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis. Chest 124, 364S-370S.
http://www.chestjournal.org/cgi/reprint/124/6_suppl/364S.pdf
Petitou, M. and van Boeckel, C.A.A. (2004) A synthetic antithrombin II binding pentasaccharide is now a drug: what comes next? Angewandte Chemie International Edition 43, 3118-3133.
[Your institution will need to be a subscriber to access this article online at: http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/109075157/PDFSTART]
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