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Wolpert: Principles of Development 3e

Chapter 09

Instructions

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Question 1

Cartilage (bone-forming tissue) and connective tissue of the vertebrate limb form from:

Question 2

Which of the following correctly describes the sequence of events by which the position of limbs along the antero-posterior axis of vertebrates is specified?

Question 3

Removal of the apical ridge leads to:

Question 4

The grafting of a second polarizing region into the anterior of a limb bud results in:

Question 5

In Chapter 4, it was proposed that activation of Hox genes along the antero-posterior axis in vertebrates might be related to the time spent in Henson's node as it retreats posteriorly: cells expressing anterior Hox genes spend the least amount of time in the node, while cells expressing posterior Hox genes have spent progressively more time in the node. What aspect of limb development may involve a similar mechanism?

Question 6

The muscle-forming cells of the vertebrate limb come from:

Question 7

Cells of the muscle forming region of the somite, the myotome, express Pax3; Pax3 activates expression of myoD and myf5, but muscle differentiation does not occur until the cells stop dividing. When they enter the limb bud, Pax3 is downregulated, division ceases, and differentiation begins. At this point, what gene is the next to be activated as the cells differentiate into muscle?

Question 8

If apoptosis in the developing limb were blocked, what feature of a normal limb would not form?

Question 9

In thinking about the development of the wing imaginal disc of Drosophila, what is the significance of "compartments"?

Question 10

Engrailed comes to be expressed in posterior compartments during Drosophila embryogenesis; what is the consequence of engrailed activation of hedgehog (Hh) signaling from the posterior compartment of the wing disc?

Question 11

Keeping in mind the fact that genes are often named for the phenotype of a mutation in that gene, what might be the phenotype of a mutation of the Distal-less gene of Drosophila?

Question 12

The development of drugs to block the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been applied to the control of the growth of cancers. What is the rationale for such a strategy?

Question 13

Heart development begins as:

Question 14

Teeth form from:

Question 15

Hedgehog signaling at the compartment boundary in the Drosophila wing disc leads to the expression of what signaling molecule in the adjacent anterior cells?

Question 16

The segmental identity of imaginal discs is determined by:

Question 17

The heart forms from:

Question 18

The kidney forms from: