Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre

Question 1

A fertilized egg is called:

a) a germ cell.

b) an embryo.

c) a zygote.

d) a blastula.

e) an oocyte.

Question 2

Which of the following reflects Weismann's model of development?

a) Somatic development and change does not contribute directly to the characteristics of the next generation.

b) Factors, or 'determinants', in the nucleus regulate development.

c) Asymmetric divisions resulted in unequal distribution of developmental determinants to daughter cells.

d) Development is 'mosaic'.

e) All of the above were important to Weismann's view of biological development.

Question 3

The experiments of Spemann and Mangold first defined what feature of amphibian embryos?

a) The zygote.

b) The blastopore.

c) The neural tube.

d) The organizer.

e) The blastocoel.

Question 4

Genes control development by:

a) controlling where and when proteins are synthesized.

b) containing small preformed body parts and organs that become 'expressed' during development.

c) directly controlling phenotypes, without intermediates or influence from the environment.

d) acting as enzymes to build proteins.

e) containing instructions which describe in detail the final form to be achieved during development.

Question 5

The folding of sheets of cells, the migration of cells, and cell death are all mechanisms of:

a) cleavage division.

b) pattern formation.

c) morphogenesis.

d) differentiation.

e) growth.

Question 6

The process by which developing cells achieve their functional, mature identity as liver, or muscle, or nerve is called:

a) cleavage division.

b) pattern formation.

c) morphogenesis.

d) differentiation.

e) growth.

Question 7

The establishment of the anterior-posterior or dorsal-ventral body axes is called:

a) division.

b) pattern formation.

c) morphogenesis.

d) differentiation.

e) growth.

Question 8

The pathway from a gene to a protein in eukaryotic cells involves:

a) first, transport of mRNA, then its processing, then transcription, then translation.

b) first, transcription of the RNA, then its transport, then processing, then translation.

c) first, translation of the RNA, then its transport, then its processing, then transcription.

d) first, transcription of RNA, then its processing, then its transport, then translation.

e) first, processing of the RNA, then its transport, then transcription, then translation.

Question 9

Which of the following is not a mechanism by which cells communicate with each other?

a) Transcription factors are secreted from one cell and taken up by the target cell, where they influence gene expression.

b) Cell surface molecules on adjacent cells interact and initiate a signal transduction process that influences cellular behavior and gene expression.

c) Cells form gap junctions with adjacent cells, allowing the passage of small molecules.

d) Cells secrete proteins and small hydrophilic molecules, which interact with cell surface receptors on target cells and initiate a signal transduction process that influences cellular behavior and gene expression.

e) Cells secrete small hydrophobic molecules which diffuse into target cells, interact with cytoplasmic receptors, and influence gene expression.

Question 10

Signal transduction can involve:

a) interaction of a molecule with a receptor at the cell surface.

b) intracellular modification of proteins by phosphorylation.

c) production of second messengers such as cAMP.

d) all of the above can be components of a signal transduction pathway.

e) none of the above are components of signal transduction pathways.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 01.

Chapter 01

Instructions

Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10