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Maughan & Gleeson: The Biochemical Basis of Sports Performance

Chapter 02

  1. Briefly state the role of the following proteins in skeletal muscle:
    1. myosin
    2. hexokinase
    3. lactate dehydrogenase
    4. carnitine acyl transferase
    5. troponin

  2. Distinguish between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion across cell membranes and give named examples of each that are found in the sarcolemma of muscle.
  3. Identify the following compounds as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, amino acids or purines: insulin, alanine, palmitic acid, glutamic acid, glucose, adenine, glucagon, guanine, cholesterol, glycogen.
  4. What factors affect enzyme activity?
  5. List the biochemical characteristics that distinguish between Type I and Type II muscle fibres.
  6. Briefly state the role of the following intracellular structures in skeletal muscle:
    1. mitochondrion
    2. lysosome
    3. sarcoplasmic reticulum
    4. rough endoplasmic reticulum
    5. myofibril
    What determines the primary, secondary and tertiary structure of proteins? Give four named examples that illustrate the diversity of protein function.
  7. Explain how enzyme activity can be altered by allosteric and covalent modification.
  8. Explain why eccentric muscle actions cause muscle weakness and delayed onset muscle soreness.
  9. What factors determine the maximal isometric force that can be generated by a muscle group?