Oxford University Press | Online Resource Centre

Choose your answers by clicking the radio button next to each choice and then press 'Submit' to get your score.

Question 01

What type of co-evolutionary interaction is - -?

a) Mutualism

b) Parasite-host

c) Commensalism

d) Competition

Question 02

What does coevolution involve?

a) One species changing in reaction to another.

b) One species changing in reaction to the environment.

c) Two species changing in reaction to the environment independently of each other.

d) Two species changing in reaction to ongoing, linked, reciprocal changes induced by each other.

Question 03

Which statement does not describe a condition necessary for a co-evolutionary interaction to occur?

a) The two species must occur in the same place.

b) The generation times of the interacting species must be similar.

c) The two species must be active at the same time of day and in the same season of the year.

d) The two species must be in the stages of their respective life histories that is appropriate for the interaction.

Question 04

Co-evolution, in the sense of interacting biological structures reciprocally adapting to changes in each other, began:

a) only after sex evolved and biological species became possible.

b) only with the origin of development in multi-cellular organisms.

c) as part of the origin of life.

d) only after the development of complex communities like coral reefs and tropical rain forests.

Question 05

The world record for the number of membranes through which a carbon dioxide molecule must move in order to reach a chloroplast and be combined with water for form sugar is:

a) 2; one for the plant cell and one for the chloroplast within it.

b) 3; one for the animal host of an endosymbiotic plant cell, one for the plant cell, and one for the chloroplast within it.

c) 6 ; as for the previous answer but with four membranes around the chloroplast because of three prior endosymbiotic events.

d) 5; as for the previous answer but with three membranes around the chloroplast because of two prior endosymbiotic events.

Question 06

In which of the following are co-evolutionary interactions certainly not necessary but may be possible?

a) Mating partners.

b) Species living together in the same habitat.

c) Parents and offspring in species with parental care.

d) Partners in intracellular symbioses.

Question 07

Which of the following will not in general give one partner in a co-evolutionary interaction an advantage?

a) Shorter generation time.

b) More genetic variation (from e.g. larger population size).

c) Late maturation, long life, and few offspring.

d) Sexual rather than asexual reproduction.

Question 08

The necessary conditions for host-pathogen co-evolution do not include:

a) genetic variation for resistance in the host.

b) variation in lifetime reproductive success in both host and pathogen.

c) genetic variation in mortality rates in the host.

d) genetic variation for virulence in the pathogen.

Question 09

Which of the following does not limit specialization?

a) Inter-specific competition.

b) Spatial and temporal variation in the presence and intensity of the interaction.

c) Developmental changes in diet.

d) Intra-specific competition.

Question 10

As a host gene for tolerance of a pathogen increases in frequency, what happens to the pathogen population?

a) It decreases in numbers.

b) It increases in numbers and thereby selection for tolerance in the host.

c) It increases in virulence.

d) It decreases in virulence.

Question 11

Which of the following aids the spread of a cooperator mutant?

a) Sexual reproduction.

b) A high migration rate.

c) Increased investments in the partner bring increased returns.

d) High fecundity.

Question 12

Which of the following is correct?

a) Batesian mimicry is 00; Müllerian is + -.

b) Batesian mimicry is - -; Müllerian is + +.

c) Batesian mimicry is - -; Müllerian is + -.

d) Batesian mimicry is + -; Müllerian is + +.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about figs and the wasps that pollinate them?

a) All wasps found in figs are pollinators.

b) Each fig species has its own unique species of pollinating wasp.

c) All members of the wasp family that contains fig-pollinators pollinate figs.

d) All pollinating fig wasps are active pollinators.

Question 14

What kind of mutation appears to be involved in the evolution of the yucca moth tentacle?

a) A macromutation.

b) A chromosomal rearrangement.

c) A homeotic mutation in a developmental control gene.

d) A canalizing mutation.

Question 15

With how many species have leaf-cutter ants co-evolved?

a) 1

b) 2

c) 3

d) 4

Question 16

Which of the following is not true of rinderpest?

a) It is a serious problem in Eurasia.

b) It is a disease caused by virus.

c) It typically infects cattle and their relatives.

d) It changed the ecology of most of Africa for at least a century.

Question 17

Given the explanation in the book for the differential extinctions - greater in South America than in North America - caused by the connection of those two continents about 10 million years ago, in which of the following cases would you expect most of the endemic fauna to have been wiped out by faunal exchange?

a) The endemic fauna of Eurasia when it was connected to the British Isles during the Pleistocene.

b) The endemic fauna of Southeast Asia when it was connected to Borneo during the Pleistocene.

c) The endemic fauna if India when it crashed into Eurasia 35 million years ago.

d) The endemic fauna of Africa when it moved north and closed the Tethys Sea 23 million years ago.

Question 18

What is the best way to recognize an adaptation?

a) By its precise and intricate design.

b) By watching it evolve and identifying the causes of evolutionary changes as they occur.

c) By perturbing phenotypes and recording fitness consequences.

d) If it is only expressed under condition where it has a function that increases fitness.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 18.

Chapter 18

Instructions