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Stearns & Hoekstra: Evolution 2e

Chapter 17

Instructions

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Question 01

Which era is matched correctly with an event?

a) Cambrian - first plants on land

b) Ordovician - first arthropods

c) Silurian - first fungi

d) Devonian - first starfish

Question 02

Which era is matched correctly with an event?

a) Carboniferous - forests of seed plants

b) Permian - the cleidoic egg frees tetrapods from water

c) Triassic - birds appear

d) Jurassic - insects start to pollinate plants

Question 03

Which era is matched correctly with an event?

a) Cretaceous - rabbits, falcons, and mosquitoes appear.

b) Paleocene - Angiosperm flowers appear.

c) Miocene - savannah megafauna emerges independently and converges to similar types on four continents.

d) Pleistocene - hominids diverge from chimpanzees.

Question 04

Which group is correctly placed on one of the three main branches of the Tree of Life?

a) The eukaryotic nucleus in the Eubactera.

b) The methanogens in the Archaea.

c) The diatoms in the Eubacteria.

d) The Thermatogales in the Eukaryota.

Question 05

The rough age of origin of which group is given correctly?

a) Gymnosperms - about 250 mya

b) Angiosperms - about 75-100 mya

c) Mollusks - about 450 mya

d) Insects - about 200 mya

Question 06

The rough age of origin of which group is given correctly?

a) Ferns - about 400 mya

b) Split between plants, animals, and fungi - about 750 mya

c) Earthworms - about 150 mya

d) Salamanders - about 65 mya

Question 07

Which sequence from earlier to later is correct?

a) Chloroplasts - Photosynthesis

b) Mitochondria - Chromosomes

c) Meiosis - Cilia

d) Cytoskeleton - Chloroplasts

Question 08

Which statement is correct?

a) The fungi are not more closely related to animals than to plants.

b) Malaria is not more closely related to photosynthesizing organisms than it is to sleeping sickness.

c) Amoebas and slime molds are both polyphyletic.

d) The algae are monophyletic.

Question 09

Which statement is correct?

a) There are 5 kingdoms of life - prokaryotes, protists, plants, animals, and fungi.

b) The Tree of Life has four main branches - Viruses, Eubacteria, Archaea, and Eukaryota.

c) There are 8 major groups of Eukaryota.

d) Most biodiversity consists of plants and animals.

Question 10

Which statement is correct?

a) Multicellularity and with it the basic mechanisms of development only evolved once.

b) The features associated with the major plant groups are number of cell layers, presence or absence of body cavities, embryonic origin of anterior and posterior.

c) The features associated with the major animal groups are alternation of generations, type of vascular tissue, packaging of offspring into resistant structures, and origin of a complex structure to attract fertilizations.

d) The major groups of land plants emerged erratically, not in a short period like the Cambrian explosion.

Question 11

Which statement is correct?

a) The alternation of generations refers to the alternation of much smaller with much larger individuals.

b) The alternation of generations refers to the alternation of sexual diploids with asexual haploids in plants.

c) Tree-like forms originated in the Carboniferous.

d) Flowers originated in the Cenozoic.

Question 12

Which statement is correct?

a) Fungi have one nucleus per cell.

b) The fungi diverged from the animals about 570 mya.

c) The three major groups of fungi are chytrids, basiciomycetes, and ascomycetes.

d) It would be possible to produce beer and wine without fungi.

Question 13

Which of the following groups has no living representatives?

a) Arthropods and tunicates

b) Tongueferns and trilobites

c) Cephalopods and bennnetitales

d) Ammonites and dinosaurs.

Question 14

Which of the following are not found in Cambrian lagerstätte?

a) Sponges, sea anemones, and polychaete worms

b) Trilobites, onychophorans, and chordates

c) Bivalves, bryozoans, and scorpions

d) Algae, brachiopods, and priapulids

Question 15

Why is it difficult to separate speciation in time from ecological replacement in space in the fossil record?

a) Because we never have a temporal sequence complete enough to show speciation.

b) Because the Biological Species Definition cannot be applied to fossils.

c) Because we never have a complete spatial sample at each point in time, so speciation occurring outside the sample locality is not visible, and it can be followed by immigration into the sample locality with subsequent replacement.

d) Because all morphological change in the fossil record occurs during speciation events and is thus punctuational.

Question 16

What is a necessary assumption - generally confirmed - of the hypothesis that Cope's Law can be explained by drift?

a) The survivors of mass extinctions are typically large relative to their clade.

b) Extinction does not occur at random.

c) Selection for increased body size is common.

d) The survivors of mass extinctions are typically small relative to their clade.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is correct?

a) Man is the culmination of evolution.

b) Evolution makes progress.

c) Things are less likely to go extinct now than they were a billion years ago.

d) Many very different types of organisms have survived into the present.

Question 18

Since all life - with the possible exception of viruses - appears to have evolved from a common ancestor, does the science of evolutionary biology show that humans have no right to dominate other species?

a) Yes

b) No

c) Maybe

d) The question is poorly stated. There is no right or wrong in nature - they are human inventions.

 

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