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Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)?

a) The head of the fetus becomes small relative to the body.

b) Smoking is the single commonest cause of IUGR worldwide.

c) It typically leads to polyhydramnios.

d) It is commonly associated with pre-eclampsia.

Question 2

Which of the following is correct regarding diseases of prematurity?

a) The characteristic microscopic feature of respiratory distress syndrome is interstitial inflammation.

b) The germinal matrix is a bilateral structure located around the thalamus.

c) Necrotizing enterocolitis is due to a combination of mucosal damage, ischaemia, and infection.

d) Omphalitis is usually caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis.

Question 3

Which of the following is correct regarding congenital heart disease?

a) The incidence is approximately 80 per 1000 live births.

b) Small ventricular septal defects often close spontaneously.

c) Left ventricular hypertrophy is one of the features of Tetralogy of Fallot.

d) Coarctation of the aorta is a cause of radio-radial delay.

Question 4

Which of the following is correct regarding genitourinary tract malformations?

a) Renal dysplasia is a precursor of nephroblastoma.

b) Posterior urethral valves usually present with bilateral hydronephrosis on antenatal ultrasound.

c) Most cases of vesicoureteric reflux will lead to chronic renal failure if left untreated.

d) In hypospadias, the urethral meatus opens out onto the dorsal surface of the penis.

Question 5

Which of the following is correct regarding Kawasaki disease?

a) It is an example of a large vessel vasculitis.

b) Cervical lymphadenopathy is often prominent.

c) Myocardial infarction may occur due to atherosclerosis formation in the inflamed coronary arteries.

d) Prompt treatment with intravenous steroids reduces the risk of cardiac complications.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct regarding bronchiolitis?

a) It is more common in the summer months.

b) Parainfluenza virus is the commonest cause.

c) The disease is most common in children aged 2-4 months.

d) Wheezing is a highly specific symptom for bronchiolitis.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct regarding renal disease in children?

a) Acute renal failure is usually due to haemolytic uraemic syndrome.

b) Chronic renal failure is usually due to type I diabetes mellitus.

c) The most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children is Henoch-Schönlein purpura.

d) Children with the nephrotic syndrome should be routinely anticoagulated.

Question 8

Which of the following is correct regarding Down's syndrome?

a) Non-disjunction during mitosis is the commonest cause of the trisomy 21.

b) Atrial septal defect is the commonest associated form of congenital heart disease.

c) Most individuals are infertile.

d) Hypothyroidism is a well recognized association.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct regarding cystic fibrosis?

a) Most patients have a deletion at codon 509 in the CFTR gene.

b) The CFTR gene codes for a sodium channel found in the apical membrane of epithelial cells lining secretory passages.

c) It is a common cause of bronchiectasis.

d) It may present with neonatal intestinal obstruction due to blockage of the colon with thick meconium.

Question 10

Which of the following is correct regarding paediatric tumours?

a) Most childhood leukaemias are acute myeloid leukaemias.

b) Pilocytic astrocytoma shows a propensity to spread along cerebrospinal fluid pathways.

c) Wilms' tumour is also known as neuroblastoma.

d) Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 22.

Chapter 22

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