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Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding pituitary adenomas?

a) Nonfuntional adenomas tend to present earlier than functional adenomas.

b) Growth hormone secreting adenomas are the commonest type of functional adenoma.

c) Prolactinomas present earlier in men than in women.

d) Cushing's syndrome due to an ACTH secreting pituitary adenoma is known as Cushing's disease.

Question 2

Which of the following is correct regarding Cushing's syndrome?

a) The commonest endogenous cause is a functional adrenal adenoma.

b) Patient's suspected of having Cushing's syndrome should have biochemical confirmation by measuring serum cortisol.

c) The cause of Cushing's syndrome can usually be determined by biochemical tests and imaging studies.

d) Treatment of endogenous Cushing's syndrome is usually medical rather than surgical.

Question 3

Which of the following is correct regarding primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)?

a) Most cases are due to unexplained bilateral hyperplasia.

b) Most patients present with hypertension.

c) The typical biochemical picture is a low sodium and a high potassium.

d) Spironolactone is the treatment of choice for Conn's syndrome due to an adrenal adenoma.

Question 4

Which of the following is correct regarding Addison's disease?

a) Most cases are due to autoimmune adrenalitis.

b) Hypertension is a typical feature.

c) The typical biochemical picture is a high sodium and a low potassium.

d) Lifelong glucocorticoid replacement alone is sufficient treatment.

Question 5

Which of the following is correct regarding hyperthyroidism?

a) Graves' disease is characterized by autoimmune destruction of the thyroid gland.

b) Toxic multinodular goitre occurs when a longstanding multinodular goitre develops an autonomous functional nodule.

c) Most follicular adenomas are functional, giving rise to thyrotoxicosis.

d) The diagnosis is made biochemically by the presence of a high TSH and low T3 and T4.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct regarding thyroid carcinomas?

a) Follicular carcinomas can be reliably diagnosed preoperatively by fine needle aspiration cytology.

b) Papillary carcinomas are defined by their typical papillary architecture.

c) Anaplastic carcinomas presents with a slowly growing neck mass in an elderly person.

d) Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is a key feature of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct regarding primary hyperparathyroidism?

a) It affects about 1 in 10,000 people.

b) Most patients present with symptoms related to hypercalcaemia.

c) The most common underlying cause is hyperplasia of all four parathyroid glands.

d) Osteopenia is a recognized complication.

Question 8

Which of the following is correct regarding diabetes mellitus?

a) Diagnosis requires a fasting plasma glucose over 8.0 mmol/l or a random plasma glucose greater than 11.1 mmol/l.

b) Type 1 diabetes is strongly linked to obesity and insulin resistance.

c) The diagnosis should be suspected in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis.

d) It affects over 5% of the UK population.

Question 9

Which of the following is correct regarding diabetic ketoacidosis?

a) It always occurs in patients already known to be diabetic.

b) It is diagnosed by finding gross hyperglycaemia and ketones in the urine.

c) Tachypnoea is a response to the metabolic acidosis.

d) The immediate treatment priority is intravenous insulin.

Question 10

Which of the following is correct regarding neoplasms of the endocrine pancreas?

a) They usually behave more aggressively than tumours of the exocrine pancreas.

b) Insulinomas present with symptoms related to episodic hyperglycaemia.

c) Most gastrinomas arise in the antrum of the stomach.

d) They may be associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia 1.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 14.

Chapter 14

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