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Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding renal calculi?

a) Most are composed of calcium oxalate.

b) Most calcium stone formers have hypercalcaemia.

c) Large renal stones typically cause ureteric colic.

d) Stones less than 7 mm are likely to pass spontaneously.

Question 2

Which of the following is correct regarding prostatic nodular hyperplasia?

a) The hyperplastic nodules typically form in the peripheral zone of the prostate.

b) The nodules arise due to hyperplasia of the epithelial component of the prostate.

c) There is a poor correlation between the size of the prostate and the severity of the symptoms.

d) It carries an increased risk of the development of prostate carcinoma.

Question 3

Which of the following is correct regarding renal cell carcinoma?

a) Most are diagnosed when a patient presents with an abdominal mass.

b) The most common histological type is clear cell carcinoma.

c) Clear cell carcinomas are consistently associated with MET mutations.

d) Renal cell carcinomas are graded using the Gleason scoring system.

Question 4

Which of the following is correct regarding transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder?

a) Urine cytology can reliably detect low grade tumours.

b) Superficial tumours are confined to the urothelial layer.

c) Muscle invasive tumours frequently display areas of squamous and glandular differentiation microscopically.

d) Carcinoma in situ is a papillary lesion composed of malignant urothelial cells but with no invasion.

Question 5

Which of the following is correct regarding prostate carcinoma?

a) Most are squamous cell carcinomas.

b) Most are diagnosed following PSA testing in asymptomatic men.

c) The Gleason grading system is scored according to how abnormal the nuclei of the malignant cells appear.

d) Many patients with prostate carcinoma die of unrelated causes.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct regarding testicular tumours?

a) Germ cell tumours are the most common type.

b) Pure seminomas are the commonest type of germ cell tumour.

c) Non-seminomatous germ cell tumours generally arise in older men than seminomas.

d) Testicular lymphomas are usually low grade B cell lymphomas.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct regarding lower urinary tract infection?

a) The most common pathogen is Chlamydia trachomatis.

b) Definitive diagnosis requires dipstick testing of the urine.

c) It may be the presenting feature of a renal calculus.

d) Men are more susceptible than women.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 11.

Chapter 11

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