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Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding renal function tests?

a) Urea is freely filtered by the glomerulus but not significantly reabsorbed by the tubule system.

b) A raised urea with a normal creatinine indicates renal impairment.

c) Creatinine is a sensitive indicator of mild renal impairment.

d) Most laboratories measure creatinine using the Jaffe reaction.

Question 2

Which of the following is correct regarding acute renal failure?

a) It implies a gradual loss of renal function.

b) Most patients have oliguria.

c) Ruling out an obstructive cause is the most immediate priority

d) Toxic acute tubular necrosis is the most common cause.

Question 3

Which of the following is correct regarding chronic renal failure?

a) Most patients present with symptoms of advanced disease.

b) The typical biochemistry is a raised urea and creatinine, hypercalcaemia, and hypophosphataemia.

c) Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death in patients with chronic renal failure.

d) The decline in renal function can be halted with appropriate treatment.

Question 4

Which of the following is correct regarding ischaemic nephropathy?

a) Atherosclerosis of the main renal arteries is the most common underlying cause.

b) It is a common cause of chronic renal failure, particularly in the elderly.

c) Macroscopically, the kidneys typically show diffuse fine scarring of the renal cortex.

d) Most patients with ischaemic nephropathy eventually die of end stage renal failure.

Question 5

Which of the following is correct regarding glomerular diseases?

a) IgA nephropathy is defined by the presence of deposits of IgA in the glomerular basement membrane.

b) Membranous glomerulopathy is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.

c) Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis usually carries a good prognosis.

d) A chronic glomerulonephritis is an uncommon cause of chronic renal failure.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct regarding reflux nephropathy?

a) It is a common cause of hypertension and chronic renal failure in children and young adults.

b) Most children with vesicoureteric reflux will develop reflux nephropathy.

c) Renal scarring associated with vesicoureteric reflux is a risk until 10 years of age.

d) Causes coarse renal cortical scarring indistinguishable from ischaemic nephropathy.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct regarding autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease?

a) It accounts for some 25% of patients with end stage renal failure.

b) Most cases are caused by mutations in the PKD2 gene.

c) The diagnosis is often made following investigation of hypertension.

d) Sudden death from intracerebral haemorrhage is a well recognized complication.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 10.

Chapter 10

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