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Question 1

Which of the following is correct regarding hypertension?

a) 80% of cases have no clear underlying cause.

b) Chronic renal disease is the commonest secondary cause.

c) It is the commonest cause of spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhage.

d) Atherosclerosis in arterioles is accelerated.

Question 2

Which of the following is correct regarding atherosclerosis?

a) Atherosclerotic plaques are thought to develop in response to persistent endothelial cell injury.

b) In a developing atherosclerotic plaque, vascular smooth muscle cells migrate from the adventitia into the media where they secrete collagen.

c) Larger atherosclerotic plaques are more prone to rupture.

d) An acute coronary syndrome is an example of inducible ischaemia caused by a stable atherosclerotic plaque.

Question 3

Which of the following is correct regarding chronic left ventricular failure?

a) Most cases are due to diastolic failure.

b) The average prognosis from diagnosis is 10 years.

c) Most cases are due to coronary artery atherosclerosis.

d) Electrocardiography is useful to assess ejection fraction.

Question 4

Which of the following is correct regarding acute coronary syndromes?

a) The term is synonymous with unstable angina.

b) A troponin rise is required to make the diagnosis.

c) An electrocardiogram typically shows ST depression and T wave inversion in the leads supplying the involved area of the heart.

d) Treatment is with aspirin and a fibrinolytic drug.

Question 5

Which of the following is correct regarding acute myocardial infarction?

a) The underlying pathology is rupture of an unstable atherosclerotic plaque with formation of an occlusive thrombus.

b) Blockage of the left anterior descending artery causes infarction of the lateral wall of the left ventricle.

c) Sudden death is usually due to the onset of ventricular tachycardia.

d) Ventricular aneurysm formation is a possible short term complication.

Question 6

Which of the following is correct regarding valvular heart disease?

a) Mitral stenosis presents with symptoms related to left ventricular failure.

b) Aortic stenosis is the commonest valve disease.

c) The commonest cause of mitral regurgitation is mitral valve prolapse.

d) Mitral valve prolapse usually requires surgical intervention.

Question 7

Which of the following is correct regarding infectious endocarditis?

a) The infection always arises on a heart valve.

b) Most patients present with symptoms of heart failure due to valve destruction.

c) Acute endocarditis is a destructive infection usually caused by Streptococcus viridans.

d) Subacute endocarditis is usually associated with a structural abnormality of the heart.

Question 8

Which of the following is correct regarding primary cardiomyopathies?

a) They are common causes of cardiac failure.

b) Coronary artery angiography must be performed before a diagnosis of dilated cardiomyopathy can be made.

c) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy typically presents with sudden death.

d) Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is associated with fatty replacement of the right ventricle.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 06.

Chapter 06

Instructions