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Question 01

Concerning some general principles of glucose metabolism:

a) Gluconeogenesis is stimulated when plasma glucose is low.

b) Gluconeogenesis is the formation of glucose from glycogen.

c) Glycogenesis is stimulated when cellular ATP reserves are low.

d) Glucose may be synthesized from fatty acids.

Question 02

Concerning the absorptive and post-absorptive states of the body:

a) In the post-absorptive state, secretion of glucagon is inhibited.

b) Events of the absorptive state are controlled by insulin.

c) Hypoglycemia inhibits the secretion of growth hormone.

d) In the absorptive state glycogen and fat reserves are mobilized.

Question 03

A person has been on hunger strike for a week. Compared to normal they will have:

a) Decreased plasma catecholamine levels.

b) Increased activity of hepatic glycogen synthetase.

c) Elevated plasma glucose because the tissues are preferentially utilizing fatty acids.

d) Increased release of fatty acids from adipose tissue.

Question 04

Regarding diabetes mellitus:

a) Is always the result of a failure of insulin synthesis.

b) Is characterized by a fall in urine output.

c) Is associated with an increase in lipolysis.

d) Leads to hypoglycemia.

Question 05

The water content (as a percentage of total body mass) of an adult human male is:

a) The same as that of a newborn baby.

b) Slightly less than that of an adult female.

c) Around 60% total body weight.

d) Mainly due to the volume of the blood.

Question 06

Regarding the extracellular fluid:

a) It accounts for the largest proportion of total body water.

b) It is hypotonic with respect to the intracellular fluid.

c) It contains around 140 mmole l^-1 of sodium ions.

d) It has the exactly the same composition as the plasma.

Question 07

A subject with a body weight of 65 kg was injected with 10 ml of a 1% (w/v) solution of Evans Blue. After 10 min, the blood was sampled and found to contain 0.037 mg/ml of the dye. What is the plasma volume?

a) 2.70 liters

b) 0.27 liters

c) 27 liters

d) 5 liters

Question 08

In a man undergoing surgery, it was necessary to aspirate the contents of the upper gastro-intestinal tract. After surgery, the following values were obtained from an arterial blood sample: pH 7.55, PCO₂ 52 mm Hg and HCO₃^- 40 mmol/l. What is the underlying disorder?

a) Metabolic acidosis.

b) Respiratory alkalosis.

c) Metabolic alkalosis.

d) Respiratory acidosis.

Question 09

A person was admitted in a coma. Analysis of the arterial blood gave the following values: PCO₂ 16 mm Hg, HCO₃^- 5 mmol/l and pH 7.1. What is the underlying acid-base disorder?

a) Metabolic acidosis.

b) Respiratory alkalosis.

c) Metabolic alkalosis.

d) Respiratory acidosis.

Question 10

A climber attempts an assault on a high mountain in the Andes and reaches an altitude of 5000 meters (16,400 ft) above sea level. What will happen to his arterial PCO₂ and pH?

a) Both will be lower than normal.

b) The pH will rise and PCO₂ will fall.

c) Both will be higher than normal due to the physical exertion.

d) The pH will fall and PCO₂ will rise.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapters 27-30.

Chapters 27-30

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