Chapter 13

Instructions

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The plasma of a normal adult:

a) Is about 60% water.

b) Accounts for 10% of body weight.

c) Contains about 8 mmoles l^-1 of potassium (K⁺).

d) Contains about 140 mmoles l^-1 of sodium (Na⁺).

For a normal healthy adult of 65-70 kg body weight:

a) The blood pH is 7.0.

b) There are about 4.5 x 10¹² red cells per liter.

c) The blood volume would be about 4 liters.

d) There are about 1 x 10⁹ leukocytes per liter.

Normal human red cells:

a) Are released into the circulation as immature cells called reticulocytes.

b) Live for about 10 days.

c) Rely on mitochondria for their ATP production.

d) Are formed by budding off from large precursor cells called megakaryocytes.

The following statements refer to gas carriage by the blood:

a) After leaving the lungs, each liter of blood contains about 20 ml of oxygen.

b) Hemoglobin is half saturated with oxygen when the PO₂ is about 3.3 kPa (25 mm Hg) when PCO₂ is 5.3 kPa (40 mm Hg).

c) As the PCO₂ rises, the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is increased.

d) Each liter of arterial blood contains about 50 mL of carbon dioxide.

Regarding the platelets:

a) Are present in greater number than red cells.

b) Secrete the main clotting factors.

c) Will adhere to the walls of damaged blood vessels.

d) Aggregate in the presence of prostacyclin.