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Question 01

Regarding reflexes:

a) a monosynaptic reflex arc involves one or more interneurons.

b) the knee jerk reflex is an example of a stretch reflex.

c) interneurons are the final common path for all reflexes.

d) withdrawal reflexes are lost following cervical section of the spinal cord.

Question 02

Regarding the role of muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs:

a) muscle spindles measure the tension of skeletal muscle.

b) Golgi tendon organs measure the length of skeletal muscles.

c) muscle spindles receive both afferent and efferent nerve fibers.

d) muscle spindles are only of importance in the regulation of posture.

Question 03

Regarding the descending motor pathways:

a) the axons of the corticospinal tract mainly synapse directly with motoneurons in the spinal cord.

b) the rubrospinal tract exerts its major influence on the muscles of the extremities.

c) the reticulospinal tracts are largely decussated (crossed).

d) damage to the pyramidal tract results in a loss of fine control of the muscles on the same side of the body.

Question 04

Concerning the motor cortex:

a) the motor areas of the cortex are situated in the postcentral gyrus.

b) following a cerebral hemorrhage affecting the precentral gyrus of the right hemisphere, the patient feels no sensation on the left side of their body.

c) the corticospinal tract provides the only connection between the motor cortical areas and the spinal cord.

d) motor areas of the cortex receive somatosensory input via the thalamus.

Question 05

Regarding the role of the cerebellum:

a) Purkinje neurons lie in the deep cerebellar nuclei.

b) the cerebellum has a direct efferent projection to the motor cortex.

c) hemiballismus is a sign of cerebellar damage.

d) the cerebellar hemispheres control and receive inputs from ipsilateral muscles.

Question 06

Regarding the role of the basal ganglia in motor control:

a) disorders of the basal ganglia produce a marked loss of both sensation and motor control.

b) Parkinsonism is caused by neuronal degeneration within the substantia nigra.

c) the globus pallidus projects directly to the cerebral cortex.

d) acetylcholine is the predominant neurotransmitter of the substantia nigra.

Oxford University Press, Online Resource Centre, Chapter 09.

Chapter 09