Mitchell: An Introduction to Orthodontics 3e 
Hyperlinked BibliographyMitchell: An Introduction to Orthodontics 3e
Chapter 13
Crossbites
Birnie, D. J. and McNamara, T. G. (1980). The quadhelix appliance. British Journal of Orthodontics, 7, 115-20.
The fabrication, management, and modifications of the quadhelix appliance are described in this paper.Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2001). Issue number 1. Harrison, J. E. and Ashby, D. (2000). Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites (Cochrane Review), The Cochrane Library, Oxford (www.cochrane-oral.man.ac.uk).
This is a systematic review of the effectiveness of different treatment modalities used in the correction of a posterior crossbite. Well worth the trouble taken to find it.Hermanson, H., Kurol, J., and Ronnerman, A. (1985). Treatment of unilateral posterior crossbites with quadhelix and removable plates. A retrospective study. European Journal of Orthodontics, 7, 97-102. [PubMed 3926519]
In this study it was found that the clinical results achieved were similar with the two types of appliance. However, the number of visits and chairside Time Books were greater for the removable appliance. The authors calculated that the mean cost of treatment was 40 per cent greater for the removable appliance compared with the quadhelix.Herold, J. S. (1989). Maxillary expansion: a retrospective study of three methods of expansion and their long-term sequalae. British Journal of Orthodontics, 16, 195-200. [PubMed 2669948]
Lagravere, M. O., Major, P. W., and Flores-Mir, C. (2005). Long-term dental arch changes after rapid maxillary expansion treatment: a systematic review. Angle Orthodontist, 75, 151-7.
Unfortunately only four studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and due to their design no meaningful conclusions could be drawn.Lagravere, M. O., Major, P. W., and Flores-Mir, C. (2005). Long-term dental arch changes after rapid maxillary expansion treatment: a systematic review. Angle Orthodontist, 75, 833-9.
Only three articles satisfied the inclusion criteria. A review of the results of these studies would indicate that approximately 25 per cent of transverse skeletal expansion is stable in the long term. However, given the paucity of data upon which this is based this finding must be viewed with caution.Lee, R. (1999). Arch width and form: a review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 115, 305-13. [PubMed 10066980] [DOI: 10.1016/S0889-5406%2899%2970334-3]
Linder-Aronson, S. and Lindgren, J. (1979). The skeletal and dental effects of rapid maxillary expansion. British Journal of Orthodontics, 6, 25-9. [PubMed 396941]
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